Python Week 2

Let’s break down the question step by step, using clear explanations, emojis, and practice!

🎯 Question Recap

If the output of print(s) is:

The next line char is \n

Which of the following values could s be?

1. """The next line char is \\n"""
2. "The next line char is \\\\n"
3. 'The next line char is \\n'
4. 'The next line char is \\\\n'

🧐 Understanding the Problem

• Goal: Find which value(s) of s will make print(s) show The next line char is \n (with a literal backslash and n, not a newline!).
• Key: In Python, \n inside a string is a newline, but \\n is a backslash and an n.

🔍 Step-by-Step Analysis

Let’s see what each string literal actually contains:

1️⃣ """The next line char is \\n"""

• \\ → a single backslash (\)
• n → the character n
• So, the string is: The next line char is \n
• When printed: The next line char is \n ✅

2️⃣ "The next line char is \\\\n"

• \\\\ → two backslashes (\\)
• n → the character n
• So, the string is: The next line char is \\n
• When printed: The next line char is \\n ❌ (too many backslashes!)

3️⃣ 'The next line char is \\n'

• Same as option 1, just with single quotes.
• \\ → a single backslash (\)
• n → the character n
• So, the string is: The next line char is \n
• When printed: The next line char is \n ✅

4️⃣ 'The next line char is \\\\n'

• Same as option 2, just with single quotes.
• \\\\ → two backslashes (\\)
• n → the character n
• So, the string is: The next line char is \\n
• When printed: The next line char is \\n ❌

✅ Final Answer

Possible values for s are:

• """The next line char is \\n"""
• 'The next line char is \\n'

Both will print:

The next line char is \n

📝 Practice Questions

Q1. What will print("Hello\\tWorld") output?

• A: Hello\tWorld (shows a backslash and t)

Q2. What will print("Hello\nWorld") output?

• A:

Hello
World

(the \n makes a new line!)

🧑‍💻 Try it Yourself!

s1 = """The next line char is \\n"""
s2 = "The next line char is \\\\n"
s3 = 'The next line char is \\n'
s4 = 'The next line char is \\\\n'

print("s1:", s1)
print("s2:", s2)
print("s3:", s3)
print("s4:", s4)

Expected Output:

s1: The next line char is \n
s2: The next line char is \\n
s3: The next line char is \n
s4: The next line char is \\n

⭐️ Summary Table

🎉 That’s it! Now you know how Python string escapes work!

Let’s solve this step by step with clear explanations, emojis, and a table for clarity!

🎯 Question Recap

You want to know which value(s) of s will make this output when you run print(s):

The first line.
The second line.

(Exactly two lines, no extra spaces!)

🧐 Step-by-Step Analysis

Let’s check each option:

1️⃣

s = 'The first line.\n The second line.'

• \n = new line
• But notice the space at the start of the second line!
• Output:

The first line.
 The second line.

• ❌ Not a match! (Extra space)

2️⃣

s = 'The first line.\nThe second line.'

• \n = new line
• Output:

The first line.
The second line.

• ✅ Match!

3️⃣

s = '''
The first line.
The second line.
'''

• Triple quotes preserve line breaks and spaces.
• But this starts with a newline and may have leading spaces, depending on indentation.
• Output:

<blank line>
The first line.
The second line.
<blank line>

• ❌ Not a match! (Extra blank lines)

4️⃣

s = '''The first line.
The second line.
'''

• Starts immediately, so no leading blank line.
• But ends with a newline because of the closing triple quotes on a new line.
• Output:

The first line.
The second line.
<blank line>

• ❌ Not a match! (Extra blank line at end)

5️⃣

s = '''The first line.
       The second line.
    '''

• The second line has leading spaces.
• Output:

The first line.
       The second line.
<blank line>

• ❌ Not a match! (Extra spaces and blank line)

6️⃣

s = (
  "The first line.\n"
  "The second line."
)

• Parentheses allow implicit string concatenation.
• Equivalent to "The first line.\nThe second line."
• Output:

The first line.
The second line.

• ✅ Match!

7️⃣

s = (
  "The first line.\n"
  + "The second line."
)

• Concatenation with + is the same as above.
• Output:

The first line.
The second line.

• ✅ Match!

✅ Summary Table

⭐️ Correct Answers

• Option 2
• Option 6
• Option 7

🧑‍💻 Try It Yourself!

s = 'The first line.\nThe second line.'
print(s)

s = (
  "The first line.\n"
  "The second line."
)
print(s)

s = (
  "The first line.\n"
  + "The second line."
)
print(s)

All three will print:

The first line.
The second line.

💡 Practice Questions

1. What does print("Hello\nWorld") output?
   • A:

Hello
World

2. What does print("Line1\nLine2\nLine3") output?
   • A:

Line1
Line2
Line3

🎉 Well done! Now you know how to create multi-line strings in Python and predict their output!

Let’s break down each option to see which expressions produce the string "000500" in Python! 🐍

🔍 Step-by-Step Explanation

1️⃣ f"{500:06}"

• What it does: Formats the integer 500 as a string with at least 6 digits, padding with zeros on the left.
• Result: "000500" ✅

2️⃣ f"{500:03}"

• What it does: Formats 500 as a string with at least 3 digits, padding with zeros if needed.
• Result: "500" (no extra zeros) ❌

3️⃣ "0"*3+500

• What it does: "0"*3 gives "000", but 500 is an integer, so "000" + 500 causes a TypeError (can’t add string and int) ❌

4️⃣ 0*3+"500"

• What it does: 0*3 is 0, and "500" is a string, so 0 + "500" causes a TypeError (can’t add int and string) ❌

5️⃣ "0"*3+"500"

• What it does: "0"*3 gives "000", and "500" is a string, so concatenation gives "000500" ✅

✅ Final Answers

So, the correct answers are:

• f"{500:06}"
• "0"*3+"500"

🧑‍💻 Try it Yourself!

print(f"{500:06}")      # Output: 000500
print(f"{500:03}")      # Output: 500
print("0"*3 + "500")    # Output: 000500

📝 Practice Questions

1. What will f"{42:05}" output?
   • A: "00042"
2. What is the result of "A"*4 + "B"?
   • A: "AAAAB"
3. What happens if you try "0"*2 + 99?
   • A: TypeError (can’t add str and int)

🎉 Great job! Now you know how to format numbers as zero-padded strings in Python!

Let’s break down each option to see which can produce the output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

when used as the value of s in the code:

n_apples = 5
apple_price = 5.7
s = ...
print(s)

🧐 Option-by-Option Analysis

1️⃣ s = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price}"

• What it does:
  • Uses f-strings, but {n_apples*apple_price} will be 28.5 (not 28.50).
• Output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.5

• ❌ Not a match (missing trailing zero).

2️⃣ s = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price:0.2f}"

• What it does:
  • The :0.2f formats the number to two decimal places.
• Output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

• ✅ Match!

3️⃣ s = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price:.2f}"

• What it does:
  • The :.2f also formats the number to two decimal places[^1][^2].
• Output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

• ✅ Match!

4️⃣ s = n_apples+" kgs of apple cost ₹ "+n_apples*apple_price

• What it does:
  • Tries to add int + str + float → TypeError (can’t add int/float to str)[^2].
• ❌ Not valid Python.

5️⃣ s = str(n_apples)+" kgs of apple cost ₹ "+str(n_apples*apple_price)

• What it does:
  • Converts both values to strings, but str(n_apples*apple_price) will be '28.5' (not '28.50').
• Output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.5

• ❌ Not a match (missing trailing zero).

6️⃣ s = str(n_apples)+" kgs of apple cost ₹ "+str(n_apples*apple_price)+"0"

• What it does:
  • str(n_apples*apple_price) gives '28.5', then adds '0' at the end: '28.50'.
• Output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

• ✅ Match! (works, but is a hacky way)

✅ Summary Table

⭐️ Correct Answers

• Option 2
• Option 3
• Option 6

🧑‍💻 Try It Yourself!

n_apples = 5
apple_price = 5.7

# Option 2
s2 = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price:0.2f}"
print(s2)  # 5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

# Option 3
s3 = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price:.2f}"
print(s3)  # 5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

# Option 6
s6 = str(n_apples)+" kgs of apple cost ₹ "+str(n_apples*apple_price)+"0"
print(s6)  # 5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 28.50

📝 Practice Questions

1. How do you format 123.4 as 123.40 in an f-string?
   • A: f"{123.4:.2f}" → "123.40"
2. What will print(f"Total: ₹ {99.999:.2f}") output?
   • A: Total: ₹ 100.00
3. What is the output of str(45.2) + "0"?
   • A: "45.20"

🎉 Now you know how to format numbers for currency in Python!

Let’s check which options can produce this exact output:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 08.75

Given:

n_apples = 5
apple_price = 1.75
s = ...
print(s)

🧐 Option-by-Option Analysis

1️⃣ s = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price:0.2f}"

• n_apples*apple_price = 5*1.75 = 8.75
• :0.2f means: minimum width 0, 2 decimal places, but does NOT pad with a leading zero for numbers less than 10.
• Result:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 8.75

• ❌ Not a match (no leading zero).

2️⃣ s = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price}"

• No formatting, so just 8.75.
• Result:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 8.75

• ❌ Not a match (no leading zero, may show more decimals if not exactly 2).

3️⃣ s = f"{n_apples} kgs of apple cost ₹ {n_apples*apple_price:.2f}"

• :.2f means: 2 decimal places, but no leading zero.
• Result:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 8.75

• ❌ Not a match.

4️⃣ s = n_apples+" kgs of apple cost ₹ "+n_apples*apple_price

• This tries to add int + str + float → TypeError (can’t add int/float to str).
• ❌ Not valid Python.

5️⃣ s = str(n_apples)+" kgs of apple cost ₹ 0"+str(n_apples*apple_price)

• str(n_apples) → '5'
• str(n_apples*apple_price) → '8.75'
• Adds an extra ‘0’ in front of the cost.
• Result:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 08.75

• ✅ Match!

6️⃣ s = str(n_apples)+" kgs of apple cost ₹ "+str(n_apples*apple_price)

• str(n_apples*apple_price) → '8.75'
• Result:

5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 8.75

• ❌ Not a match.

✅ Summary Table

⭐️ Correct Answer

• Option 5: s = str(n_apples)+" kgs of apple cost ₹ 0"+str(n_apples*apple_price)

🧑‍💻 Try It Yourself!

n_apples = 5
apple_price = 1.75
s = str(n_apples) + " kgs of apple cost ₹ 0" + str(n_apples * apple_price)
print(s)  # Output: 5 kgs of apple cost ₹ 08.75

📝 Practice Questions

1. How do you print ₹ 05.00 for 5 rupees using f-string?
   • A: f"₹ {5:05.2f}" → ₹ 05.00
2. What does str(7.2).zfill(5) output?
   • A: '07.2' (but doesn’t pad after decimal)
3. What will f"{9.5:06.2f}" output?
   • A: '009.50'

🎉 Now you know how to control number formatting and string concatenation in Python!

Given the code:

a, b = "56"
s = f'{a*3:7}|{b*2:^6}|{a*8:>3}'

Let’s break it down:

• a, b = "56" assigns a = "5", b = "6"
• a*3 → "5"*3 → "555"
• b*2 → "6"*2 → "66"
• a*8 → "5"*8 → "55555555"

Now, formatting:

• {a*3:7} → "555" right-aligned in width 7: ' 555'
• {b*2:^6} → "66" centered in width 6: ' 66 '
• {a*8:>3} → "55555555" right-aligned in width 3 (but string is longer than 3, so no effect): '55555555'

So, the value of s is:

'    555|  66  |55555555'

Final answer:

'    555|  66  |55555555'

The type of the expression

str(len(s.upper().split())).isdigit()

is bool.

🧐 Step-by-Step Explanation

1. s.upper()
   • Converts all characters in s to uppercase.
   • Result: a string.
2. .split()
   • Splits the string into a list of words.
   • Result: a list.
3. len(...)
   • Returns the number of elements in the list.
   • Result: an integer.
4. str(...)
   • Converts the integer to a string.
   • Result: a string containing digits (e.g., "2").
5. .isdigit()
   • Checks if the string contains only digits.
   • Result: True if all characters are digits, False otherwise.
   • The return value is of type bool.

✅ **Final Answer

bool

Practice Time!

1. What is the type of "123".isdigit()?
   • A: bool (returns True)
2. What is the type of len([^1][^2])?
   • A: int
3. What is the type of str(5.5)?
   • A: str

🎉 Great job! Now you know how to trace complex expressions and determine their types in Python!

Let’s break down the expression step by step! 🐍

Expression:

s[:3].upper().split()

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. s[:3]
   • Slices the string s to get the first 3 characters.
   • Result: a string.
2. .upper()
   • Converts those 3 characters to uppercase.
   • Result: a string.
3. .split()
   • Splits the string into a list of substrings (by default, splits on whitespace).
   • Result: a list.

The split() method always returns a list (even if the list has only one item)[^1][^2].

✅ Final Answer

list

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the type of "hello world".split()?
   • A: list
2. What is the type of "abc".upper()?
   • A: str
3. What is the type of len("abc")?
   • A: int

🎉 Great job! Now you know how to trace Python string method chains and their types!

The type of the expression s.title() is str (string).

• The title() method is a built-in string method in Python that returns a new string where the first character of each word is uppercase and the rest are lowercase.
• Applying title() to a string variable (s) always returns another string, not any other type like int, float, list, bool, or NoneType[^1][^2].

Final answer: str

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the type of "hello".upper()?
   • A: str
2. What is the type of len("hello")?
   • A: int
3. What is the type of "123".isdigit()?
   • A: bool

🎉 Great job! Now you know how to check the type of string method results in Python!

The type of the expression list(s) is list.

• When you use list(s) in Python, it converts the string s into a list of its characters[^1][^2].
• For example, if s = "word", then list(s) will result in ['w', 'o', 'r', 'd'][^2].
• This works for any string, including the empty string (which will give an empty list).

Final answer: list

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the type of list("abc")?
   • A: list
2. What is the type of str([^1][^3][^2])?
   • A: str
3. What is the output of list("")?
   • A: [] (an empty list)

🎉 Great job! Now you know how to convert strings to lists in Python!

The type of the expression s.lower().alpha() is “Raises error”.

🧐 Step-by-Step Explanation

• s is a string.
• s.lower() returns a string (all lowercase).
• But: There is no method called .alpha() for strings in Python[1][2][3].
  • Common string methods include .isalpha(), .isdigit(), .lower(), .upper(), etc., but not .alpha()[1][2].
• Therefore: Trying to call .alpha() on a string will raise an AttributeError.

✅ Final Answer

Raises error

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the type of s.lower().isalpha()?
   • A: bool
2. What happens if you call a non-existent method on a string, like s.foo()?
   • A: Raises AttributeError
3. What is the type of s.upper()?
   • A: str

🎉 Great job! Always check if a method exists before using it in Python!

The type of the expression s.lowercase().isalpha() is Raises error.

🧐 Step-by-Step Explanation

• s is a string variable.
• s.lowercase() tries to call a method named lowercase() on a string.
• But: Python strings do not have a lowercase() method. The correct method to convert to lowercase is lower()[1].
• Because lowercase() does not exist, Python will raise an AttributeError.

✅ Final Answer

Raises error

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the correct method to convert a string to lowercase in Python?
   • A: .lower()
2. What is the type of s.lower().isalpha()?
   • A: bool
3. What happens if you call a non-existent method like s.foo() on a string?
   • A: Raises AttributeError

🎉 Great job! Always check method names carefully in Python!

Let’s analyze the expression step by step! 🐍

s.title().strip

Step-by-Step Explanation

• s is a string.
• s.title() returns a string (with each word capitalized).
• s.title().strip does NOT have parentheses—so it refers to the strip method itself, not the result of calling it.
• In Python, referencing a method without calling it returns a bound method object, not a string, int, float, list, or bool[^1].

A bound method is a special object representing a function bound to an instance. Its type is neither str, int, float, list, nor bool.

What is the type of s.title().strip?

• Its type is not any of the listed types.
• More precisely, its type is <class 'builtin_function_or_method'> (in Python 3.x, more specifically <class 'method'> for user-defined classes, and <class 'builtin_function_or_method'> for built-in types like str).

✅ Final Answer

None of the above

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the type of s.strip where s is a string?
   • A: <class 'builtin_function_or_method'> (not str!)
2. What is the type of s.strip()?
   • A: str
3. What happens if you try to print s.strip?
   • A: You get something like <built-in method strip of str object at 0x...>

🎉 Great job! Now you know the difference between referencing and calling a method in Python!

Let’s analyze the expression step by step! 🐍

Expression:

s.join(s[^0], s[^1], s[^3])

Step-by-Step Explanation

• s is a string variable.
• The join() method:
  • Syntax: separator.join(iterable)
  • It expects a single iterable (like a list or tuple) of strings as its argument, not multiple arguments.
  • Example: ",".join(["a", "b", "c"]) → "a,b,c"
• What happens with s.join(s, s[^1], s[^2])?
  • Here, three separate arguments are passed instead of a single iterable.
  • This is not valid usage of join().
  • Python will raise a TypeError because the method expects exactly one argument (an iterable), not three.

✅ Final Answer

Raises Error

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the correct way to join three characters a, b, c with a dash using join?
   • A: "-".join(["a", "b", "c"]) → "a-b-c"
2. What happens if you call ".".join("a", "b")?
   • A: Raises TypeError (expects one iterable argument)
3. What is the type of "".join(["1", "2", "3"])?
   • A: str (the result is "123")

🎉 Great job! Always remember: join() needs a single iterable as its argument!

The value of the expression bool(False) is False.

• The bool() function in Python converts its argument to a Boolean value (True or False).
• Passing False to bool() returns False, because False is already the Boolean value representing falsehood in Python[^1][^2].

Final answer:

False

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the value of bool(0)?
   • A: False
2. What is the value of bool(1)?
   • A: True
3. What is the value of bool('') (empty string)?
   • A: False

🎉 Great job! Now you know how bool() works in Python!

Let’s break down the expression step by step! 🐍

Expression:

bool(1 and 2 and 0)

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Evaluate 1 and 2 and 0:
   • In Python, the and operator returns the first falsy value it encounters, or the last value if all are truthy.
   • 1 is truthy, so check 2 (also truthy), then check 0 (which is falsy).
   • So, 1 and 2 and 0 evaluates to 0.
2. Apply bool() to the result:
   • bool(0) is False in Python[^1].
   • So, the final result is False.

✅ Final Answer

False

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the value of bool(1 and 2 and 3)?
   • A: True (all are truthy, so returns last value, which is 3, and bool(3) is True)
2. What is the value of bool(0 or 5)?
   • A: True (0 or 5 is 5, and bool(5) is True)
3. What is the value of bool(0 and 5)?
   • A: False (0 and 5 is 0, and bool(0) is False)

🎉 Great job! Now you know how logical operators and bool() work in Python!

Let’s evaluate the expression step by step! 🐍

Expression:

bool(0 or "2" and 0)

Step-by-Step Explanation

1. Evaluate "2" and 0:
   • The and operator returns the first falsy value or the last value if all are truthy.
   • "2" is truthy, 0 is falsy.
   • So, "2" and 0 → 0.
2. Now evaluate 0 or 0:
   • The or operator returns the first truthy value or the last value if all are falsy.
   • Both operands are 0 (falsy).
   • So, 0 or 0 → 0.
3. Apply bool() to the result:
   • bool(0) → False.

✅ Final Answer

False

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the value of bool(0 or "2")?
   • A: True (0 or "2" → "2", which is truthy)
2. What is the value of bool("" and 1)?
   • A: False ("" and 1 → "", which is falsy)
3. What is the value of bool("0" and 1)?
   • A: True ("0" is a non-empty string, so truthy; 1 is truthy; "0" and 1 → 1; bool(1) → True)

🎉 Great job! Now you know how to evaluate complex boolean expressions in Python!

Let’s evaluate the expression step by step! 🐍

Expression:

0.0 or "2" or 4

Step-by-Step Explanation

• The or operator in Python returns the first truthy value it finds, or the last value if all are falsy.
• 0.0 is falsy (in Python, 0.0 is considered False in a boolean context).
• "2" is a non-empty string, which is truthy.
• Since "2" is truthy, Python stops evaluating and returns "2".

✅ Final Answer

"2"

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the value of 0 or "" or 5?
   • A: 5 (since 0 and "" are falsy, 5 is returned)
2. What is the value of "" or 0.0 or [] or False or "done"?
   • A: "done" (all before are falsy, so the last value is returned)
3. What is the value of "hello" or 0 or 5?
   • A: "hello" (first value is truthy)

🎉 Great job! Now you know how the or operator works in Python expressions!

Let’s break down the expression step by step:

Expression:

not None or "2" or 4

Step 1: Evaluate not None

• In Python, None is considered falsy[^1][^2].
• not None → True

Step 2: Evaluate True or "2" or 4

• The or operator returns the first truthy value it encounters[^2].
• True is truthy, so the expression stops evaluating further and returns True.

✅ Final Answer

True

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the value of not 0 or "" or 5?
   • A: True (because not 0 is True)
2. What is the value of None or 0 or False or "done"?
   • A: "done" (the first truthy value)
3. What is the value of not ""?
   • A: True (because empty string is falsy)

🎉 Great job! Now you know how logical operators and truthy/falsy values work in Python!

Let’s analyze the code logic step by step! 🐍

if a:
  print('a')
if b:
  print('b')
elif c:
  print('c')

How does this code work?

• The first if checks a. If a is truthy, it prints 'a'.
• The second block is an if-elif:
  • If b is truthy, it prints 'b'.
  • If b is falsy but c is truthy, it prints 'c'.

Note: The two if blocks are independent. The elif is tied only to the second if.

Possible Output Scenarios

Let’s consider all combinations for a, b, c:

1️⃣ Only a is truthy

• Output:

a

(if b is falsy, so no b/c)

2️⃣ Only b is truthy

• Output:

b

(if a is falsy, b is truthy, so only b prints)

3️⃣ Both a and b are truthy

• Output:

a
b

(a is truthy, prints 'a'; b is truthy, prints 'b')

4️⃣ a is truthy, b is falsy, c is truthy

• Output:

a
c

(a is truthy, prints 'a'; b is falsy, so check c; if c is truthy, prints 'c')

5️⃣ b is falsy, c is truthy, but a is falsy

• Output:

c

(But this is NOT in the provided options.)

6️⃣ Both b and c are truthy, a is falsy

• Output:

b

(If b is truthy, elif c is skipped, so 'c' is not printed.)

7️⃣ Both b and c are truthy, a is truthy

• Output:

a
b

(Same as above, 'c' is not printed.)

8️⃣ Both a, b, and c are falsy

• Output: (nothing is printed, not in options)

Which outputs are possible from the provided options?

✅ Final Answers

• a
• b
• a\nb
• a\nc

b\nc is NOT possible.

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the output if a = True, b = False, c = True?
   • A:

a
c

2. What is the output if a = False, b = True, c = True?
   • A:

b

3. What is the output if a = True, b = True, c = False?
   • A:

a
b

🎉 Great job! Now you know how independent and dependent conditionals work in Python!

Let’s analyze the code logic step by step! 🐍

if a:
  if b:
    if c:
      print('c')
    print('b')
  print('a')

How does this code execute?

• The outermost if a: must be True for any output to happen.
• Inside if a, there’s if b:
  • Inside if b, there’s if c:
    • If c is True, print 'c'.
    • After checking c, always print 'b' (if b is True).
  • After the if b: block (regardless of b), print 'a'.

Let’s check all possible outputs from the options:

1️⃣ a

• Possible if a is True, b is False.
• Only the last print('a') runs.

2️⃣ b

• Not possible by itself.
• If b is True, a must also be True (since if b is nested inside if a), and 'a' will always be printed after 'b'.

3️⃣ a\nb

• Possible if a is True, b is True, c is False.
• Prints 'b' (since b is True, but c is False), then 'a'.

4️⃣ b\na

• Possible if a is True, b is True, c is False.
• 'b' is printed, then 'a' is printed.
• But the code prints 'b' first, then 'a', so this is the correct order.

5️⃣ c\nb

• Not possible by itself.
• If 'c' is printed, then 'b' is printed immediately after, but 'a' will always be printed last if a is True.

6️⃣ c\nb\na

• Possible if a is True, b is True, c is True.
• Prints 'c', then 'b', then 'a'.

✅ Possible Outputs from the Options

Correct Answers:

• a
• b\na
• c\nb\na

📝 Practice Questions

1. What is the output if a=True, b=False, c=True?
   • A: a
2. What is the output if a=True, b=True, c=False?
   • A:

b
a

3. What is the output if a=True, b=True, c=True?
   • A:

c
b
a

🎉 Great job! Now you know how nested conditionals affect output order in Python!