Nouns

Nouns: Easy Study Material with Emojis 📚😃

What is a Noun? 🤔

• A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
  • Examples: Ram (person) 👦, Delhi (place) 🏙️, dog (thing) 🐕, strength (idea) 💪¹.

Kinds of Nouns 🏷️

1. Proper Noun
   • Names a specific person or place.
   • Examples: Ram, Shyam, Delhi.
   • Tip: “Mango” is not a proper noun unless it’s a specific type, like “Alphonso mango.” 🥭¹
2. Common Noun
   • Names any person or thing of the same kind.
   • Examples: boy, teacher, dog, shoe. 👦👩‍🏫🐕👟¹
3. Collective Noun
   • Names a group of people or things.
   • Examples: army, committee, crowd. 🪖👥¹
4. Abstract Noun
   • Names an idea, quality, or state—not a physical object.
   • Examples: strength, innocence, fear, judgment. 💪😇😱⚖️¹
5. Material Noun
   • Names materials or substances.
   • Examples: cotton, gold, silver, protein. 🧵🥇¹

Types of Nouns by Countability 🔢

• Countable Nouns: Things you can count (book, apple, doctor, horse, kilogram).
  • Ask: “How many?” 📚🍏👨‍⚕️🐎
• Uncountable Nouns: Things you can’t count (milk, oil, sugar, gold, honesty).
  • Ask: “How much?” 🥛🛢️🍯🥇¹

Rules for Singular and Plural Nouns 📝

Rule #1: Always Singular Nouns

• Words like: scenery, advice, information, machinery, stationery, furniture, news, poetry, mathematics, ethics, innings, gallows.
• Examples:
  • ✅ Mathematics is a difficult subject. 🧮
  • ✅ The scenery of Kashmir is enchanting. 🏞️
  • ❌ Advices are given… → ✅ Advice is given…¹

Rule #2: Plural in Meaning, Singular in Form

• Words like: cattle, peasantry, clergy, gentry, artillery, company, vermin, people, police.
• Examples:
  • ✅ The cattle are grazing in the ground. 🐄
  • ✅ The police have the situation under control. 👮‍♂️¹

Rule #3: Always Plural Nouns

• Words like: trousers, stockings, goods, scissors, shorts, alms, spectacles, measles, premises, thanks, tidings, annals.
• Examples:
  • ✅ Where are my trousers? 👖
  • ✅ Spectacles are costly items. 👓¹

Rule #4: Measurement Nouns Stay Singular After Numbers

• Words: feet, score, year, meter, dozen, hundred, pair, head, rupee, million, litre, tola.
• Examples:
  • ✅ A dozen people were killed. 👥
  • ✅ Two hundred rupee notes. 💵
  • ✅ Two kilometre stretch of road. 🛣️¹

Special Cases: Collective Nouns

• Singular when acting as one unit:
  • The team has not arrived yet. 🏆
• Plural when acting as individuals:
  • The jury were divided in their opinion. 👩‍⚖️👨‍⚖️¹

Singular vs Plural: Different Meanings

Frequently Asked Collective Nouns 🧑‍🤝‍🧑

• A band of musicians 🎶
• A board of directors 🏢
• A bunch of grapes 🍇
• A fleet of ships 🚢
• A flock of birds 🐦
• A herd of cattle 🐄
• A litter of puppies 🐶
• A pack of hounds 🐕
• A pair of shoes 👟
• A swarm of bees 🐝
• A troop of horses 🐎
• A volley of shots 💥
• A class of students 🧑‍🎓¹

Noun Phrases & Noun Clauses 📚

• Noun Phrase: A noun + its modifiers.
  • Example: The yellow house is for sale. 🏠
  • Example: I want Nike’s new skateboard. 🛹¹
• Noun Clause: A dependent clause acting as a noun.
  • Begins with: how, that, what, when, where, whether, which, who, why, etc.
  • Example: The focus of our work is how we can satisfy customers most effectively. 🎯
  • Example: Choose a gift for whomever you want. 🎁¹

Common Errors & Corrections ❌✅

• ❌ The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting. ✅ The scenery of Kashmir is enchanting. 🏞️
• ❌ Advices are given… ✅ Advice is given… 💡
• ❌ The cattle is grazing… ✅ The cattle are grazing… 🐄
• ❌ Where is my trousers? ✅ Where are my trousers? 👖
• ❌ Spectacles is a costly item. ✅ Spectacles are costly items. 👓¹

Quick Reference Table 📊

Tips:

• Remember which nouns are always singular, always plural, or change meaning in plural.
• Practice common collective nouns and noun phrases/clauses.
• Watch for common errors, especially with tricky nouns!

🌟 Practice these rules and examples, and nouns will be super easy! 🌟²³