Reasoning Analogy
Here is a detailed explanation of the Reasoning Analogy concepts from your attached PDF, with step-by-step examples and additional practice questions.
Detailed Explanation: Reasoning Analogy
Analogy in reasoning refers to the process of comparing two things or finding relationships between them. It is a fundamental part of logical reasoning and is widely used in competitive exams to assess your ability to identify patterns and relationships123.
Types of Analogy Questions
- Numerical Analogy
- Odd One Out: A set of number pairs is given, and you must identify the pair that does not follow the established pattern.
- Choose a Similar Pair: Given a number pair, select another pair from the options that follows the same relationship.
- Alphabetical/Word Analogy
- Odd One Out: Among several word pairs, identify the one that does not fit the pattern.
- Choose a Similar Pair: Given a word pair, select another pair that shares the same relationship.
- General Knowledge Analogy
- Country and Currency, State and Dance, Person and Profession, etc.
- Odd One Out or Correct Pair: Identify the incorrect or correct pairing based on general knowledge.
How to Solve Analogy Questions
- Identify the Relationship: Determine the connection between the given pair.
- Analyze the Options: Check if the options follow the same or a similar relationship.
- Eliminate Incorrect Options: Remove options that do not fit the pattern.
- Select the Best Answer: Choose the option that best matches the original relationship.
Solved Examples from the PDF
1. Numerical Analogy – Choose a Similar Pair
Given Pair: 8 : 4 Options: A. 27 : 9 B. 216 : 32 C. 72 : 24 D. 45 : 5 E. 37 : 13 Answer: A Explanation: The pattern is cube of a number : square of the same number. $2^3 : 2^2 = 8 : 4$ $3^3 : 3^2 = 27 : 9$1
2. Alphabetical/Word Analogy – Odd One Out
Given Pair: Bangladesh : Taka Options: A. Bangladesh : Taka B. Brazil : Real C. Cyprus : Dollar D. Iran : Rial E. Japan : Yen Answer: C Explanation: Cyprus uses the Euro, not the Dollar1.
3. Word Analogy – Complete the Analogy
Flow : River :: Stagnant : ? Options: A. Canal B. Dam C. Ocean D. Pool E. Sea Answer: D Explanation: Water in a river flows, while water in a pool is stagnant1.
4. Word Analogy – Odd One Out
Options: A. Book : Author B. Art : Artist C. Invention : Scientist D. Potter : Potter E. Patients : Doctors Answer: E Explanation: In all other options, the first word is the creation and the second is the creator. In option E, the relationship is different1.
5. Numerical Analogy – Odd One Out
Given Pairs: A. 5 : 15 B. 24 : 70 C. 33 : 99 D. 121 : 363 E. 1 : 3 Answer: B Explanation: The pattern is first number × 3 = second number. 24 × 3 = 72 (not 70)1.
Practice Questions
- Which of the given options is correct with respect to the pair “Fire : Death”?
- Find the odd one out:
- Which of the following pairs is incorrect?
- Find the odd one out:
- Complete the analogy: ABD : FGI :: PQS : ?
- A. TUW
- B. UVX
- C. XYZ
- D. TUV
- E. UVW Answer: B Explanation: The pattern is two letters in sequence, then a gap, and repeat1.
- Which analogy does not fit the pattern 9 : 3?
- A. 16 : 4
- B. 12 : 4
- C. 121 : 11
- D. 144 : 12
- E. 81 : 9 Answer: B Explanation: The pattern is square of the second number equals the first. 12 is not the square of 41.
- Which analogy is incorrect?
- A. Algophobia : phobia of pain
- B. Bibliophobia : phobia of books
- C. Chronophobia : fear of time
- D. Hematophobia : fear of water
- E. Pharmacophobia : phobia of medication Answer: D Explanation: Hematophobia is fear of blood, not water1.
- Which number can be part of the set (3, 17, 19, 23)?
- A. 13
- B. 27
- C. 57
- D. 93
- E. 33 Answer: A Explanation: All are prime numbers; only 13 is prime among the options1.
- Find the missing number: 27 : 3 :: 64 : ?
- A. 6
- B. 4
- C. 7
- D. 3
- E. 5 Answer: B Explanation: $3^3 = 27$ and $4^3 = 64$1.
- Find the odd one out:
- A. AD : EH
- B. BE : FI
- C. CF : GJ
- D. DG : HK
- E. EH : IK Answer: E Explanation: The pattern is +4 and +3 in letter positions. EH:IK does not fit1.
Additional Examples and Practice
Alphabet Analogy Example:
EL : HJ :: DY : ? Solution: E(5) + 3 = H(8); L(12) – 2 = J(10) D(4) + 3 = G(7); Y(25) – 2 = W(23) Answer: GW2
Word Analogy Example:
Cow : Calf :: Horse : ? Answer: Foal2
Number Analogy Example:
7 : 56 :: 9 : ? Solution: $7 \times 8 = 56$ $9 \times 8 = 72$ Answer: 724
Summary Table
| Type | Example Pair | Relationship/Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| Numerical Analogy | 8 : 4 | Cube : Square |
| Word Analogy | Flow : River | Action : Object |
| Alphabet Analogy | ABD : FGI | Letter sequence |
| GK Analogy | Kathakali : Kerala | Dance : State |
Tips for Solving Analogy Questions
- Look for the relationship in the given pair.
- Check if the options follow the same pattern.
- Eliminate options that do not fit.
- Practice different types of analogies (number, word, alphabet, GK).
- Time yourself to improve speed and accuracy5.
This comprehensive guide, with explanations, examples, and practice questions, will help you master reasoning analogy for any competitive exam123.
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