General Awareness
01 Biology
📚 Study Material Extracted from Biology PDF (SSC CHSL EXAM) Here’s an easy-to-understand summary of the plant diseases section, organized with emojis for clarity and memorability: 🌱 PLANT DISEASES 🦠 Viral Diseases in Plants Disease Plants Affected 🌼 Bud Blight Soy beans 🍃 Curly Top Beans, tomato, sugar beets, etc. 🍂 Mosaic Leaf Tomato, tobacco, corn, legume, potato, pea, sugar beet, cucumber, maize, cauliflower, sugarcane, bean, etc. 💛 Yellowing of Leaf Barley, sugar beet, potato, etc. 🔴 Spotted Wilt Tomato, capsicum, etc. 🌿 Chlorosis Virus Tomato, capsicum, etc. 🧫 Bacterial Diseases in Plants Disease Plants Affected 🌱 Blights Vegetable crops, fruit trees, etc. 🥔 Bacterial Wilts Corn, tobacco, potatoes, alfalfa, tomatoes, etc. 🍏 Bacterial Speck Fruits and leaves of different plants 🌳 Cankers Woody plants 🍃 Leaf Spot Cotton, beans, peas, etc. 🥒 Soft Rots Fleshy or succulent plant parts 🌹 Fire Blight Rosebushes, pome fruit trees, etc. 🍄 Fungal Diseases in Plants Disease Plants Affected 🌳 Cankers Largely woody plants 🧅 Downy Mildew Grains, onions, cucumbers, alfalfa, etc. 🌾 Ergot Rye, barley, wheat, and other grasses 🌬️ Powdery Mildew Grains, legumes 🥔 Tuber Diseases Potato, sweet potato, etc. 🌾 Rusts Wheat, barley, rye, oats, etc. 🌱 Root Rots All types of plants 🥔 Scab Wheat, barley, rye, potato, etc. 🌽 Smuts Oats, barley, corn, wheat, grasses, etc. 🥔 Wilts Potatoes, alfalfa, etc. 🥕 Cavity Spot Carrot 🥕 Leaf Blight Carrot 🥦 Ring Spot Brassicas 🪱 Diseases by Nematodes in Plants Disease Plants Affected 🧑🦱 Hairy Root Sugar beets, potatoes, soybeans, etc. 🦶 Root Lesions Different species of plants get affected 🥜 Root-Knot Tomatoes, peanuts, etc. 💡 Tips for Remembering Viral diseases often cause leaf color changes or deformities (think: mosaic, curly, yellowing). Bacterial diseases usually lead to spots, wilting, or rotting. Fungal diseases feature mildews, rusts, rots, and blights. Nematode diseases affect roots, causing knots or lesions. Use these emojis and tables to quickly recall which diseases affect which plants!
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02 Chemistry in Everyday Life
🧪 Chemistry in Everyday Life (SSC CHSL Study Material) Here’s an easy-to-understand summary of the key concepts from the provided PDF, with emojis to help you remember important points: 🍔 Chemicals in Food Colouring agents 🎨: Make food look appealing. Artificial preservatives 🧴: Prevent food spoilage by stopping microorganism growth (e.g., Sodium benzoate, sodium meta bisulphate). Flow stabilizers 💧: Maintain consistency. Binding substances 🪢: Hold ingredients together. Artificial sweeteners 🍬: Add sweetness without calories (e.g., Aspartame in cool drinks/ice-cream, Alitame is 2000x sweeter than sugar). Antioxidants 🛡️: Prevent food oxidation/spoilage (e.g., BHT, BHA). Minerals & Vitamins 💊: Only vitamins have nutritional value. 🧴 Artificial Preservatives Stop food spoilage by preventing microorganism growth. Examples: Sodium benzoate, sodium meta bisulphate. 🍭 Artificial Sweeteners No calories, excreted via urine. Aspartame: Used in cool drinks and ice-creams. Alitame: 2000x sweeter than sugar. 🛡️ Antioxidants Prevent oxidation (spoilage) of food. Examples: BHT, BHA. 🎨 Dyes Used to color paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics. Types: Natural dyes & Synthetic dyes. 🧼 Chemistry of Cleansing Agents Soaps 🧼:
03 Chemistry Study Material (SSC CHSL)
🧪 SSC CHSL Chemistry Study Material – Easy Guide with Emojis Here’s a simple, emoji-filled summary of the key Chemistry concepts from your SSC CHSL PDF1: 🌌 Matter & Its States Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (except: heat, light, electricity, sound, magnetism, vacuum, shadow). Particles of matter are tiny, have spaces between them, and are always moving (kinetic energy 💨). Intermolecular force: Strongest in solids 🧱, weaker in liquids 💧, weakest in gases 💨. States of Matter 🧱 Solid: Fixed shape & volume, particles packed tightly, not compressible. 💧 Liquid: No fixed shape, fixed volume, particles move more freely. 💨 Gas: No fixed shape or volume, particles move freely, highly compressible. 🌟 Plasma: Super-energized, ionized gas (found in stars, neon signs). ❄️ Bose-Einstein Condensate: Super-cooled, low-density gas where atoms act as one quantum state. 🔬 Atoms & Molecules Atom: Smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. Example: Hydrogen atom is the smallest. Atomic mass: Measured in atomic mass units (u), based on carbon-12. Molecule: Group of two or more atoms bonded together (can be same or different elements). Atomicity: Number of atoms in a molecule. Ion: Charged particle. Positive = Cation ➕ Negative = Anion ➖ ⚖️ Laws of Chemistry Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Law of Constant Proportions: Elements in a compound are always in fixed ratios by mass. 🧑🔬 Atomic Models Dalton’s Atomic Theory: All matter is made of atoms. Atoms can’t be created/destroyed. Atoms of the same element are identical. Thomson’s Model: “Plum pudding” – electrons in a positive sphere. Rutherford’s Model: Tiny nucleus (positive), electrons revolve around it. Bohr’s Model: Electrons in energy levels (shells: K, L, M, N…). 🧩 Subatomic Particles Electron (e⁻): Discovered by J.J. Thomson, negative charge. Proton (p⁺): Discovered by Goldstein, positive charge. Neutron (n⁰): Discovered by Chadwick, neutral. 🧮 Key Atomic Terms Atomic Number (Z): Number of protons. Mass Number (A): Protons + Neutrons. Isotopes: Same atomic number, different mass (e.g., Hydrogen: Protium, Deuterium, Tritium). Isobars: Same mass number, different atomic number (e.g., Argon-40 & Calcium-40). Isotones: Same number of neutrons. 🧪 Chemical Formulae & Valency Chemical formula: Shows which elements and how many atoms are in a compound. Valency: Combining capacity of an element (number of electrons lost, gained, or shared). 🧬 Molecular Mass & Avogadro’s Number Molecular mass: Sum of atomic masses in a molecule (e.g., H₂O = 2×1 + 16 = 18u). Avogadro’s constant: $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ (number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12). 💡 Fun Facts & Exceptions Diffusion: Mixing of particles; fastest in gases, slowest in solids. Rubber band: Can stretch (solid with flexibility). Sponge: Solid but compressible due to air holes. Plasma: Found in stars, neon lights. BEC: Predicted by S.N. Bose & Einstein, at ultra-low temperatures. 📝 Quick Reference Table State Shape Volume Compressible Example 🧱 Solid Fixed Fixed No Ice, Iron 💧 Liquid No Fixed Slightly Water, Oil 💨 Gas No No Yes Oxygen, Steam 🌟 Plasma No No Yes Sun, Neon Signs ❄️ BEC No No Yes Ultra-cold gases Use these emojis and points to quickly revise Chemistry for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀1
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04 Country, Capital \& Currency
🌏 Country, Capital & Currency – Easy SSC CHSL Study Guide with Emojis Here’s a clear, emoji-rich summary of the entire “Country, Capital & Currency” study material from your PDF, organized by continent for fast revision and memorization12. 🌏 Asia 🏳️ Country 🏛️ Capital 💰 Currency 🇦🇫 Afghanistan Kabul Afghani 🇦🇲 Armenia Yerevan Dram 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan Baku Manat 🇧🇭 Bahrain Manama Bahrain dinar 🇧🇩 Bangladesh Dhaka Taka 🇧🇹 Bhutan Thimphu Ngultrum 🇨🇳 China Beijing Yuan 🇮🇳 India New Delhi Rupee 🇮🇩 Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah 🇯🇵 Japan Tokyo Yen 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan Nur Sultan Tenge 🇰🇼 Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar 🇲🇾 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit 🇳🇵 Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese Rupee 🇵🇰 Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani Rupee 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal 🇸🇬 Singapore Singapore Singapore Dollar 🇰🇷 South Korea Seoul Won 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka Colombo Sri Lankan Rupee 🇹🇭 Thailand Bangkok Baht 🇹🇷 Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira 🇦🇪 UAE Abu Dhabi Dirham 🇻🇳 Vietnam Hanoi Dong 🌍 Europe 🏳️ Country 🏛️ Capital 💰 Currency 🇦🇱 Albania Tirane Lek 🇦🇩 Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro 🇦🇹 Austria Vienna Euro 🇧🇪 Belgium Brussels Euro 🇧🇬 Bulgaria Sofia Lev 🇭🇷 Croatia Zagreb Croatian 🇨🇿 Czech Rep. Prague Koruna 🇩🇰 Denmark Copenhagen Danish Krone 🇪🇪 Estonia Tallinn Euro 🇫🇮 Finland Helsinki Euro 🇫🇷 France Paris Euro 🇩🇪 Germany Berlin Euro 🇬🇷 Greece Athens Euro 🇮🇸 Iceland Reykjavik Krona 🇮🇪 Ireland Dublin Euro 🇮🇹 Italy Rome Euro 🇱🇻 Latvia Riga Lats 🇱🇹 Lithuania Vilnius Litas 🇱🇺 Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro 🇲🇹 Malta Valletta Euro 🇳🇱 Netherlands Amsterdam Euro 🇳🇴 Norway Oslo Norwegian Krone 🇵🇱 Poland Warsaw Zloty 🇵🇹 Portugal Lisbon Euro 🇷🇴 Romania Bucharest Romanian Rupee 🇷🇺 Russia Moscow Ruble 🇸🇰 Slovakia Bratislava Euro 🇸🇮 Slovenia Ljubljana Euro 🇪🇸 Spain Madrid Euro 🇸🇪 Sweden Stockholm Krona 🇨🇭 Switzerland Berne Swiss Franc 🇬🇧 UK London Pound Sterling 🇺🇦 Ukraine Kiev Hryvnia 🇻🇦 Vatican City Vatican City Euro 🌍 Africa 🏳️ Country 🏛️ Capital 💰 Currency 🇩🇿 Algeria Algiers Dinar 🇦🇴 Angola Luanda New Kwanza 🇧🇯 Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc 🇧🇼 Botswana Gaborone Pula 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc 🇧🇮 Burundi Gitega Burundi franc 🇨🇲 Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc 🇨🇻 Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo 🇨🇫 Central African Rep. Bangui CFA Franc 🇹🇩 Chad N’Djamena CFA Franc 🇨🇬 Congo Brazzaville CFA Franc 🇨🇮 Côte d’Ivoire Yamoussoukro CFA Franc 🇪🇬 Egypt Cairo Egyptian Pound 🇪🇷 Eritrea Asmara Nakfa 🇪🇹 Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr 🇬🇦 Gabon Libreville CFA Franc 🇬🇲 Gambia Banjul Dalasi 🇬🇭 Ghana Accra Cedi 🇬🇳 Guinea Conakry Guinean franc 🇰🇪 Kenya Nairobi Kenya shilling 🇱🇸 Lesotho Maseru Maluti 🇱🇷 Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar 🇱🇾 Libya Tripoli Libyan dinar 🇲🇬 Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy Ariary 🇲🇼 Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha 🇲🇱 Mali Bamako CFA Franc 🇲🇷 Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya 🇲🇺 Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee 🇲🇦 Morocco Rabat Dirham 🇳🇬 Nigeria Abuja Naira 🇷🇼 Rwanda Kigali Rwandan franc 🇸🇳 Senegal Dakar CFA Franc 🇸🇨 Seychelles Victoria Seychelles rupee 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone Freetown Leone 🇿🇦 South Africa Pretoria Rand 🇸🇩 Sudan Khartoum Sudanese Pound 🇹🇿 Tanzania Dodoma Tanzanian shilling 🇹🇳 Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar 🇺🇬 Uganda Kampala Ugandan shilling 🇿🇲 Zambia Lusaka Kwacha 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe Harare US Dollar 🌎 North America 🏳️ Country 🏛️ Capital 💰 Currency 🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda Saint John’s East Caribbean dollar 🇧🇸 Bahamas Nassau Bahamian dollar 🇧🇧 Barbados Bridgetown Barbados dollar 🇧🇿 Belize Belmopan Belize dollar 🇨🇦 Canada Ottawa Canadian dollar 🇨🇷 Costa Rica San Jose Colón 🇨🇺 Cuba Havana Cuban Peso 🇩🇲 Dominica Roseau East Caribbean dollar 🇩🇴 Dominican Rep. Santo Domingo Dominican Peso 🇬🇹 Guatemala Guatemala City Quetzal 🇭🇹 Haiti Port-au-Prince Gourde 🇯🇲 Jamaica Kingston Jamaican dollar 🇲🇽 Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso 🇳🇮 Nicaragua Managua Gold cordoba 🇵🇦 Panama Panama City Balboa; US Dollar 🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago Port-of-Spain Trinidad & Tobago dollar 🇺🇸 USA Washington D.C. Dollar 🌎 South America 🏳️ Country 🏛️ Capital 💰 Currency 🇦🇷 Argentina Buenos Aires Peso 🇧🇴 Bolivia La Paz, Sucre Boliviano 🇧🇷 Brazil Brasilia Real 🇨🇱 Chile Santiago Chilean Peso 🇨🇴 Colombia Bogota Colombian Peso 🇪🇨 Ecuador Quito US Dollar 🇵🇾 Paraguay Asuncion Guaraní 🇵🇪 Peru Lima Nuevo sol 🇺🇾 Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay peso 🇻🇪 Venezuela Caracas Bolivar 🇬🇾 Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar 🇸🇷 Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar 🌊 Oceania 🏳️ Country 🏛️ Capital 💰 Currency 🇦🇺 Australia Canberra Australian dollar 🇫🇯 Fiji Suva Fiji dollar 🇳🇿 New Zealand Wellington New Zealand dollar 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Kina 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands Honiara Solomon dollar 🇹🇻 Tuvalu Vaiaku (Funafuti) Tuvaluan Dollar 🇻🇺 Vanuatu Port-Vila Vatu 🇼🇸 Samoa Apia Tala 📝 Quick Tips with Emojis 🌍 Euro is used in many European countries: 🇦🇹 Austria, 🇧🇪 Belgium, 🇫🇮 Finland, 🇫🇷 France, 🇩🇪 Germany, 🇬🇷 Greece, 🇮🇪 Ireland, 🇮🇹 Italy, 🇱🇺 Luxembourg, 🇳🇱 Netherlands, 🇵🇹 Portugal, 🇸🇰 Slovakia, 🇸🇮 Slovenia, 🇪🇸 Spain, 🇻🇦 Vatican City, etc. 💵 Dollar is common in: 🇨🇦 Canada, 🇺🇸 USA, 🇦🇺 Australia, 🇳🇿 New Zealand, 🇸🇬 Singapore, 🇫🇯 Fiji, 🇧🇸 Bahamas, 🇧🇧 Barbados, 🇯🇲 Jamaica, 🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago, etc. 💱 Franc is used in several African countries: 🇧🇯 Benin, 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso, 🇨🇲 Cameroon, 🇨🇫 Central African Republic, 🇹🇩 Chad, 🇨🇬 Republic of the Congo, 🇬🇦 Gabon, 🇬🇳 Guinea, 🇨🇮 Côte d’Ivoire, 🇸🇳 Senegal, 🇹🇬 Togo, etc. Use these tables and emojis to quickly memorize countries, capitals, and currencies for your SSC CHSL exam! Good luck! 🍀 12
05 Harappan Civilization
🏛️ Harappan Civilization – Easy Study Guide with Emojis Here’s a simple, emoji-filled summary of all the key points from your Harappan Civilization PDF for SSC CHSL: 🗺️ Discovery & Geography 🏛️ Discovered: 1920-21 at Harappa (by D.R. Sahni) & Mohenjo Daro (by R.D. Banerjee)12. 🌍 Spread: Over 1,250,000 sq km, covering parts of modern India & Pakistan—much larger than Egypt or Mesopotamia13. 🏞️ Sites: 1,400+ settlements, including Mohenjo Daro, Harappa, Dholavira, Kalibangan, Lothal, Rakhigarhi, and more13. 🏞️ Location: Most settlements on river banks, especially the now-dry Saraswati river system1. 🏙️ Town Planning & Architecture 🧭 Grid Layout: Streets and buildings aligned east-west and north-south123. 🏙️ City Design: Well-planned cities with large gateways, citadels, and public buildings123. 🧱 Materials: Mud bricks, kiln-fired bricks, wood, stone; bricks in 1:2:4 proportion12. 🪟 Houses: Private homes, large houses, and public structures; doors/windows faced side lanes for privacy1. 🏛️ Public Buildings: Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro (12x7m, 3m deep), granaries, and Lothal’s dockyard for trade123. 🚰 Sanitation & Drainage 🚿 Advanced Drainage: Covered drains, bathing platforms, and latrines connected to main sewers123. 🧹 Civic Sense: Even small towns had impressive sanitation systems12. ⚒️ Crafts, Tools & Technology 🛠️ Bronze Age: Tools of copper, bronze, and stone; simple but effective (axes, chisels, knives, saws, etc.)123. 🎨 Artifacts: Seals (often with animals), pottery, jewelry, terracotta figurines, toys, and the famous bronze “Dancing Girl”123. 🪙 Standardized Weights: Cubical/spherical weights made of chert, jasper, agate; used for trade (based on 16 and its multiples)14. 🏺 Pottery: Wheel-made, painted with geometric and animal designs12. 🚢 Trade & Commerce 🚢 Trade Centers: Lothal had a dockyard; extensive internal and overseas trade with Mesopotamia and Egypt143. 🛤️ Transport: Bullock-carts, boats, and ships1. 💎 Imports: Copper (Rajasthan), stones (Sindh, Gujarat), lapis lazuli (Afghanistan), etc.1. 📜 Script & Language 📜 Script: 400–500 pictographic signs, still undeciphered1453. 🗣️ Language: Possibly Dravidian or Indo-Aryan, but not confirmed13. 🌾 Agriculture & Food 🌾 Crops: Wheat, barley, rice, millets, peas, beans, cotton (world’s oldest evidence), sesame, mustard, dates152. 🐄 Domesticated Animals: Sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, elephants, camels, pigs, and possibly horses15. 🍽️ Diet: Included grains, milk products, vegetables, fruits, fish, and meat2. 🛕 Religion & Beliefs 🧑🦰 Mother Goddess: Terracotta figurines found in many homes123. 🧘 Male Deity: Seals show a yogi-like figure (possibly Shiva as Pashupati)123. 🌳 Nature Worship: Trees, animals, stones, and fire-altars123. 🧿 Amulets & Charms: Used for protection; swastika symbol common12. 🧘♂️ Yoga: Figurines in yogic postures suggest yoga practice12. 🏛️ Society & Politics 🏰 Social Structure: Elite (citadel), middle class, and lower class (outside fortifications)1. 🏛️ Political Setup: Possibly regional capitals; no evidence of kings or palaces13. 👩🔬 Fashion: Ornaments (gold, silver, beads), different hairstyles, cosmetics like cinnabar, face-paints, and collyrium2. ⚰️ Burial & Decline ⚰️ Burial: Extended burials, cremation, grave goods (food, ornaments)13. 📉 Decline: Gradual, due to environmental changes (floods, droughts, river shifts), resource overuse, and possibly Aryan migration (debated)13. 🕰️ Chronology: Early (c. 3500–2600 BCE), Mature (c. 2600–1900 BCE), Late (c. 1900–1300 BCE)1. 🎯 Quick Recap Table Emoji Key Feature 🏛️ Discovered in 1920-21 🌍 Largest ancient civilization area 🏙️ Planned cities & drainage 🛁 Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro 🚢 Lothal dockyard, maritime trade ⚖️ Standardized weights/measures 🛠️ Bronze/copper tools, jewelry 🎨 Seals, pottery, terracotta art 📜 Undeciphered script 🌾 Wheat, barley, rice, cotton 🛕 Mother Goddess, yoga, fire-altars 🏛️ Social classes ⚰️ Burial & cremation 📉 Gradual decline Use these emojis and points for quick, easy revision of the Harappan Civilization for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀 164523
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06 Honours \& Awards
🏅 Honours & Awards – SSC CHSL 2021 Study Material (with Emojis) Here’s an easy-to-understand, emoji-rich summary of the major Indian honours and gallantry awards from your PDF, perfect for SSC CHSL revision12: 🇮🇳 Civilian Awards 2021 🥇 Padma Vibhushan Highest after Bharat Ratna, for exceptional service. 2021 Awardees: 🇯🇵 Shinzo Abe – Public Affairs (Japan) 🎤 S P Balasubramaniam (Posthumous) – Art (Tamil Nadu) 🩺 Dr. Belle Monappa Hegde – Medicine (Karnataka) 🔬 Narinder Singh Kapany (Posthumous) – Science & Engineering (USA) 🕊️ Maulana Wahiduddin Khan – Spiritualism (Delhi) 🏺 B. B. Lal – Archaeology (Delhi) 🎨 Sudarshan Sahoo – Art (Odisha) 🥈 Padma Bhushan Distinguished service of high order. 2021 Awardees (examples): 🎶 Krishnan Nair Shantakumari Chithra – Art (Kerala) 🏛️ Tarun Gogoi (Posthumous) – Public Affairs (Assam) 📚 Chandrashekhar Kambara – Literature & Education (Karnataka) 🏛️ Sumitra Mahajan – Public Affairs (Madhya Pradesh) 👩💼 Nripendra Misra – Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh) 🏛️ Ram Vilas Paswan (Posthumous) – Public Affairs (Bihar) 🏛️ Keshubhai Patel (Posthumous) – Public Affairs (Gujarat) 🕊️ Kalbe Sadiq (Posthumous) – Spiritualism (Uttar Pradesh) 🏭 Rajnikant Devidas Shroff – Trade & Industry (Maharashtra) 🏛️ Tarlochan Singh – Public Affairs (Haryana) 🥉 Padma Shri Distinguished service in any field. 2021 Awardees (examples): 🎨 Gulfam Ahmed – Art (Uttar Pradesh) 🏏 P. Anitha – Sports (Tamil Nadu) 🎻 Rama Swamy Annavarapu – Art (Andhra Pradesh) 📚 Prakasarao Asavadi – Literature & Education (Andhra Pradesh) 🖌️ Bhuri Bai – Art (Madhya Pradesh) 🤝 Lakhimi Baruah – Social Work (Assam) 🏭 Rajni Bector – Trade & Industry (Punjab) 🎭 Peter Brook – Art (United Kingdom) 🏆 Mouma Das – Sports (West Bengal) 🧑🔬 Rattan Lal – Science & Engineering (USA) 🏥 Dr. Rattan Lal Mittal – Medicine (Punjab) 🏆 K Y Venkatesh – Sports (Karnataka) …and many more from fields like art, sports, medicine, literature, social work, and trade. 🎖️ Gallantry Awards 2021 🏵️ Maha Vir Chakra Col Bikumalla Santosh Babu (Posthumous) – 16th Battalion, Bihar Regiment 🥈 Kirti Chakra Sub Sanjeev Kumar (Posthumous) – 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment Pintu Kumar Singh (Posthumous) – CRPF Shyam Narayan Singh Yadava (Posthumous) Vinod Kumar (Posthumous) – CRPF Rahul Mathur – CRPF 🥉 Vir Chakra Nb Sub Nuduram Soren (Posthumous) – 16th Battalion, Bihar Regiment Hav K Palani (Posthumous) – 81 Field Regiment Hav Tejinder Singh – 3 Medium Regiment Nk Deepak Singh (Posthumous) – 16th Battalion, Bihar Regiment Sep Gurtej Singh (Posthumous) – 3rd Battalion, Punjab Regiment 🛡️ Shaurya Chakra Maj Anuj Sood (Posthumous) – 21st Battalion, Rashtriya Rifles Rfn Pranab Jyoti Das – 6th Battalion, Assam Rifles Pts Sonam Tshering Tamang – 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment Arshad Khan (Posthumous) – Jammu & Kashmir Police Gh Mustafa Barah (Posthumous) – Jammu & Kashmir Police Naseer Ahmad Kolie (Posthumous) – Jammu & Kashmir Police Bilal Ahmad Magray (Posthumous) – Jammu & Kashmir Police 📝 Quick Tips with Emojis 🥇 Padma Vibhushan – Exceptional & distinguished service 🥈 Padma Bhushan – High order distinguished service 🥉 Padma Shri – Distinguished service in any field 🎖️ Gallantry Awards – Bravery in the face of enemy (Maha Vir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, Shaurya Chakra) Use these emojis and categories to quickly recall the 2021 Honours & Awards for your SSC CHSL exam! Good luck! 🍀
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07 Important Days \& Dates
📅 Important Days & Dates – SSC CHSL Study Material with Emojis 🏅✨ Here’s an easy-to-understand, month-wise summary of all the important national and international days from the provided PDF, using emojis for quick recall and revision12: 🗓️ January 🎉 1 Jan – Global Family Day 👁️🗨️ 4 Jan – World Braille Day 🌏 9 Jan – NRI Day / Pravasi Bharatiya Divas 🗣️ 10 Jan – World Hindi Day 👦 12 Jan – National Youth Day 🪖 15 Jan – Army Day 🎖️ 23 Jan – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti 👧 24 Jan – National Girl Child Day 🗳️ 25 Jan – National Voters Day 🇮🇳 26 Jan – Republic Day 🛃 26 Jan – International Customs Day 🕯️ 27 Jan – Holocaust Remembrance Day 👨🏫 28 Jan – Lala Lajpat Rai Jayanti 🖥️ 28 Jan – Data Protection Day 🤲 30 Jan – World Leprosy Eradication Day 🗓️ February 🦆 2 Feb – World Wetlands Day 🎗️ 4 Feb – World Cancer Day 🏔️ 5 Feb – Kashmir Day 🚫 6 Feb – Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation 👩🔬 11 Feb – Women & Girls in Science Day ⚙️ 12 Feb – National Productivity Day 📻 13 Feb – World Radio Day ⚖️ 20 Feb – World Day of Social Justice 🗣️ 21 Feb – International Mother Language Day 💭 22 Feb – World Thinking Day 🏕️ 22 Feb – World Scout Day ☮️ 23 Feb – World Peace and Understanding Day 🔬 28 Feb – National Science Day 🗓️ March 🛡️ 1 Mar – World Civil Defence Day 🐅 3 Mar – World Wildlife Day 👂 3 Mar – World Hearing Day 🚫 4 Mar – Fight Against Sexual Exploitation Day 👩 8 Mar – International Women’s Day 🌐 12 Mar – Commonwealth Day 🛍️ 15 Mar – World Consumer Rights Day 😀 20 Mar – International Day of Happiness 🌳 21 Mar – International Day of Forests 🧬 21 Mar – World Down Syndrome Day ✍️ 21 Mar – World Poetry Day 💧 22 Mar – World Water Day ☁️ 23 Mar – World Meteorological Day 🧫 24 Mar – World Tuberculosis Day 🎭 27 Mar – World Theatre Day 🗓️ April 🧩 2 Apr – World Autism Awareness Day 🧨 4 Apr – Mine Awareness Day ⚓ 5 Apr – National Maritime Day 🏥 7 Apr – World Health Day 🏠 10 Apr – World Homeopathy Day 👩🍼 11 Apr – Safe Motherhood Day 🐶 11 Apr – National Pet Day 🩸 17 Apr – World Hemophilia Day 🏛️ 18 Apr – World Heritage Day 🏥 19 Apr – World Liver Day 👔 21 Apr – Civil Services Day 🌎 22 Apr – Earth Day 📚 23 Apr – World Book & Copyright Day 🏡 24 Apr – National Panchayati Raj Day 🦟 25 Apr – World Malaria Day 💡 26 Apr – World Intellectual Property Day 🦺 28 Apr – World Day for Safety & Health at Work 🐾 28 Apr – World Veterinary Day 💃 29 Apr – International Dance Day 🏥 30 Apr – Ayushman Bharat Diwas 🗓️ May 👷 1 May – International Labour Day 🌬️ 1 May – World Asthma Day 📰 3 May – World Press Freedom Day 🩸 8 May – World Red Cross Day 🧪 11 May – National Technology Day 👩⚕️ 12 May – International Nurses Day 👨👩👧 15 May – International Day of Families ❤️ 17 May – World Hypertension Day 🏳️🌈 17 May – International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia & Biphobia 📡 17 May – World Telecommunication Day 🏛️ 18 May – International Museum Day 🚫 21 May – Anti-Terrorism Day 🌱 22 May – International Day for Biological Diversity 🕊️ 29 May – UN Peacekeepers Day 🚭 31 May – Anti-Tobacco Day 🗓️ June 🚴 3 Jun – World Bicycle Day 🌳 5 Jun – World Environment Day 🌊 8 Jun – World Oceans Day 🚸 12 Jun – World Day Against Child Labour 👩🦳 13 Jun – International Albinism Awareness Day 🩸 14 Jun – World Blood Donors Day 👴 15 Jun – World Elder Abuse Awareness Day 🏜️ 17 Jun – Day to Combat Desertification 🏃 20 Jun – World Refugee Day 🧘 21 Jun – International Day of Yoga 🏢 23 Jun – UN Public Service Day 🚢 25 Jun – Day of the Seafarer 🚫 26 Jun – Day Against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking 🩺 27 Jun – International Diabetes Day 📊 29 Jun – National Statistics Day 🗓️ July 🩺 1 Jul – National Doctors’ Day 🤝 7 Jul – International Day of Cooperatives 👨👩👧👦 11 Jul – World Population Day ⚖️ 17 Jul – International Justice Day 🕊️ 18 Jul – Nelson Mandela International Day 🦠 28 Jul – World Hepatitis Day 🌲 28 Jul – World Nature Conservation Day 🚨 30 Jul – Day Against Trafficking in Persons 🗓️ August 👥 9 Aug – Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples 👦 12 Aug – International Youth Day 🇮🇳 15 Aug – Independence Day 🤲 19 Aug – World Humanitarian Day 👴 21 Aug – World Senior Citizen Day 🕯️ 23 Aug – Remembrance of the Slave Trade & Abolition 🏑 29 Aug – National Sports Day (Dhyan Chand’s Birthday) 🗓️ September 🥥 2 Sep – World Coconut Day 👨🏫 5 Sep – Teacher’s Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan’s Birthday) 📝 8 Sep – World Literacy Day 🗣️ 14 Sep – Hindi Day, World First Aid Day 🗳️ 15 Sep – International Day of Democracy 🧊 16 Sep – World Ozone Day ☮️ 21 Sep – International Day of Peace 🧠 21 Sep – World Alzheimer’s Day 👐 23 Sep – International Day of Sign Languages ⚖️ 25 Sep – Social Justice Day 🚢 27 Sep – World Maritime Day 🌍 27 Sep – World Tourism Day 🦠 28 Sep – World Rabies Day ❤️ 29 Sep – World Heart Day 🌐 30 Sep – International Translation Day 🗓️ October 👵 1 Oct – International Day of Older Persons ✌️ 2 Oct – International Day of Non-Violence 🌳 3 Oct – World Nature Day, World Habitat Day 👨🏫 5 Oct – World Teacher’s Day ✈️ 8 Oct – Indian Air Force Day 📬 9 Oct – World Post Day 🧠 10 Oct – World Mental Health Day 👧 11 Oct – International Day of the Girl Child 🌪️ 13 Oct – Disaster Reduction Day 📏 14 Oct – International Standards Day 👩🌾 15 Oct – International Day of Rural Women 🍚 16 Oct – World Food Day 💸 17 Oct – Day for Eradication of Poverty 🦴 20 Oct – World Osteoporosis Day 📊 20 Oct – World Statistics Day 🇺🇳 24 Oct – United Nations Day 💉 24 Oct – World Polio Day 🎞️ 27 Oct – World Audiovisual Heritage Day 🤝 31 Oct – National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) 🗓️ November 🌊 5 Nov – World Tsunami Day 🩻 5 Nov – World Radiography Day 🎗️ 7 Nov – National Cancer Awareness Day ⚖️ 9 Nov – Legal Services Day 👧 14 Nov – Children’s Day; Diabetes Day 🧠 17 Nov – National Epilepsy Day 📰 17 Nov – National Journalism Day 🌍 20 Nov – Africa Industrialization Day 📺 21 Nov – World Television Day 🤝 29 Nov – Solidarity with Palestinian People 🗓️ December 🦠 1 Dec – World AIDS Day 💻 2 Dec – World Computer Literacy Day 🚫 2 Dec – Abolition of Slavery Day 🏭 2 Dec – National Pollution Control Day ♿ 3 Dec – World Day of the Handicapped 🌱 3 Dec – World Conservation Day ⚓ 4 Dec – Indian Navy Day 🕉️ 6 Dec – Ambedkar Remembrance Day (Mahaparinirvana Diwas) 🚩 7 Dec – Indian Armed Forces Flag Day 🚫 9 Dec – International Day Against Corruption 🕊️ 10 Dec – Human Rights Day; International Day of Broadcasting 🏔️ 11 Dec – International Mountain Day 💡 14 Dec – World Energy Conservation Day 🏆 16 Dec – Vijay Diwas 🧑🤝🧑 18 Dec – Minorities Rights Day (India) 🏴 19 Dec – Goa’s Liberation Day 🤝 20 Dec – International Human Solidarity Day 🔢 22 Dec – National Mathematics Day 🚜 23 Dec – Kisan Divas (Farmer’s Day) 🛒 24 Dec – National Consumers Day 🎄 25 Dec – Christmas Day 💡 Tips:
08 India’s Freedom Movement 🇮🇳
🇮🇳 India’s Freedom Movement – Easy SSC CHSL Study Guide with Emojis 🏅✨ Here’s a clear, emoji-rich summary of all the essential events, leaders, and facts from the Indian Freedom Movement, as covered in your PDF. Perfect for easy revision! 🗓️ Timeline & Major Events 📅 Year 🏷️ Event 📝 Description 1857 🔥 Revolt of 1857 First major rebellion against British rule (Sepoy Mutiny) 1885 🏛️ Indian National Congress Founded in Bombay; W.C. Bannerjee as first president 1905 ✂️ Partition of Bengal Lord Curzon divided Bengal; led to Swadeshi Movement 1906 ☪️ All-India Muslim League Formed in Dacca to safeguard Muslim interests 1911 ❌ Partition of Bengal Cancelled Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi 1916 🏠 Home Rule Movement Launched by Tilak & Annie Besant for self-government 1917 🚜 Champaran Satyagraha Gandhi’s first satyagraha, against forced indigo farming 1919 ⚫ Rowlatt Act & 🔫 Jallianwala Bagh Black Act allowed arrests without trial; massacre shocked nation 1920 🤝 Non-Cooperation & 🕌 Khilafat Movement Gandhi’s first mass movement; Hindu-Muslim unity 1922 🔥 Chauri Chaura Incident Protest turned violent; Gandhi suspended movement 1923 🗳️ Swaraj Party Formed by Motilal Nehru & C.R. Das to enter councils 1927 👎 Simon Commission Boycotted as it had no Indian members 1928 🚜 Bardoli Satyagraha Led by Sardar Patel for farmers’ rights 1929 🇮🇳 Purna Swaraj Resolution Congress demands complete independence 1930 🧂 Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March) Gandhi’s march to break salt law; start of Civil Disobedience 1931 🤝 Gandhi-Irwin Pact Agreement to end Civil Disobedience temporarily 1932 🤝 Poona Pact Gandhi & Ambedkar agree on reserved seats for depressed classes 1935 📜 Govt. of India Act 1935 Major constitutional reforms, set stage for future 1942 ✊ Quit India Movement “Do or Die” call by Gandhi for immediate independence 1942 ⚔️ Indian National Army Revived by Subhas Chandra Bose; Rani of Jhansi Regiment (women’s unit) 1946 🏛️ Cabinet Mission British plan for transfer of power, formation of Constituent Assembly 1947 🇮🇳 Independence India becomes free on 15th August; partition creates Pakistan 🌟 Key Leaders & Slogans Mahatma Gandhi 👓: Leader of mass movements, “Do or Die”, “Ahimsa” Bal Gangadhar Tilak 🗣️: “Swaraj is my birthright” Dadabhai Naoroji 📚: “Grand Old Man of India”, theory of “Drain of Wealth” Subhas Chandra Bose 🕶️: “Give me blood, I will give you freedom” Jawaharlal Nehru 🌹: First PM, “Tryst with Destiny” speech Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 🧑🌾: Bardoli Satyagraha, “Iron Man of India” Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh 💪: Extremist leaders Annie Besant 👩🏫: First woman INC president, Home Rule Movement B.R. Ambedkar ⚖️: Architect of Indian Constitution, Poona Pact 🏛️ Indian National Congress Sessions (Highlights) 1885 🏛️ Bombay: First session, W.C. Bannerjee 1886 🏛️ Calcutta: Dadabhai Naoroji, first Muslim president 1906 🏛️ Calcutta: “Swaraj” used first time 1907 🏛️ Surat: Congress split into Moderates & Extremists 1916 🏛️ Lucknow: Lucknow Pact, Congress & Muslim League unity 1917 🏛️ Calcutta: Annie Besant, first woman president 1924 🏛️ Belgaum: Only session presided by Gandhi 1925 🏛️ Kanpur: Sarojini Naidu, first Indian woman president 1929 🏛️ Lahore: Purna Swaraj, Civil Disobedience call 1946 🏛️ Meerut: Last session before independence 📜 Important Acts & Reforms 1909 🏛️ Minto-Morley Reforms: Expanded legislative councils 1919 🏛️ Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: Dyarchy in provinces 1919 ⚫ Rowlatt Act: Detention without trial 1935 📜 Government of India Act: Provincial autonomy, federal structure 1947 📜 Indian Independence Act: Partition, independence 🚩 Movements & Protests Swadeshi Movement 🧵: Boycott British goods, promote Indian products Home Rule Movement 🏠: Self-government demand Non-Cooperation ✋: Boycott British institutions Civil Disobedience 🚶: Break unjust laws (Salt Satyagraha) Quit India ✊: Mass protest for immediate freedom ⚔️ Revolutionary Activities Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev 💣: Assembly bombing, Saunders assassination, hanged in 1931 Kakori Conspiracy (1925) 🚂: Train robbery by revolutionaries Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930) 🏰: Led by Surya Sen 📝 Other Key Facts Partition of Bengal (1905) ✂️: Later revoked in 1911 Simon Commission (1927) 👎: Boycotted, “Simon Go Back” slogan Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) 🤝: Ended Civil Disobedience temporarily Poona Pact (1932) 🤝: Reserved seats for depressed classes Cripps Mission (1942) 🚫: Failed British offer for Indian support in WWII INA & Subhas Chandra Bose (1942) ⚔️: Indian National Army, Rani of Jhansi Regiment Cabinet Mission (1946) 🏛️: Plan for transfer of power Mountbatten Plan (1947) 🗺️: Partition of India and Pakistan 🗂️ Quick Recap Table Emoji Event/Leader Key Fact 🔥 1857 Revolt First major anti-British uprising 🏛️ INC Founded 1885, led freedom movement ✂️ Partition of Bengal Sparked Swadeshi Movement 👓 Gandhi Led Satyagraha, Non-Cooperation, Quit India 🧂 Dandi March Broke Salt Law, mass civil disobedience ✊ Quit India “Do or Die” call for independence 🕶️ Subhas Bose Led INA, “Give me blood…” ⚖️ Ambedkar Poona Pact, Constitution drafting 📜 1947 Act India becomes independent! Use these emojis and points for fast, fun revision of India’s Freedom Movement for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🇮🇳✨
09 Inventions \& Discoveries
🧪 Inventions & Discoveries – SSC CHSL Study Material with Emojis 🏅✨ Here’s an easy-to-understand, emoji-rich summary of all the key inventions and discoveries from your PDF, perfect for SSC CHSL revision12: 🧑🔬 Famous Inventions & Their Inventors 🛠️ Invention/Discovery 👨🔬 Inventor(s) 📅 Year 🧮 Automatic Calculator Wilhelm Schickard 1623 ❄️ Air Conditioner Willis Carrier 1902 🌬️ Anemometer Leon Battista Alberti 1450 🎬 Animation J. Stuart Blackton — 💣 Atom Bomb Julius Robert Oppenheimer 1945 💊 Aspirin Dr. Felix Hoffman 1899 ✈️ Airplane Wilber & Orville Wright 1903 🩹 Adhesive Tape Richard G. Drew 1923 🦠 Bacteria Antoni van Leeuwenhoek 1676 👓 Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1779 🌡️ Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1643 🧵 Barbed Wire Joseph F. Glidden 1873 🩸 Blood Group Karl Landsteiner 1900s 🖊️ Ball Point Pen John Loud — 🚲 Bicycle Tyres John Boyd Dunlop 1888 🚲 Pedal Driven Bicycle Kirkpatrick Macmillan 1839 🧫 Cell Robert Hooke 1665 🧬 Cell Nucleus Robert Brown 1831 🎥 Cine Camera Wm. Friese-Greene 1889 ❤️ Circulation of Blood William Harvey 1628 🕰️ Mechanical Clock Hsing & Ling-Tsan 1725 🚂 Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1892 🌡️ Centigrade Scale Anders Celsius 1742 🧪 Chlorine Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1774 💥 Dynamite Alfred B. Nobel 1867 🔋 Electric Battery Volta 1800 🛗 Elevator Elisha G. Otis 1852 🔌 Electric Motor (DC) Thomas Davenport 1873 🧲 Electromagnet William Sturgeon 1824 🖋️ Fountain Pen Petrache Poenaru 1827 🎶 Gramophone Thomas Edison 1878 🧪 Hydrogen Henry Cavendish 1766 🚁 Helicopter Igor Sikorsky 1939 💉 Insulin Sir Frederick Banting 1923 ✈️ Jet Engine Hans Von Ohain 1936 🌩️ Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin 1752 🚂 Locomotive George Stephenson 1804 💡 Light Bulb Thomas Edison 1854 🏍️ Motorcycle Gottlieb Daimler 1885 🔬 Microscope Zacharias Janssen 1590 🎤 Microphone Alexander Graham Bell 1876 💉 Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1928 🧬 Structure of DNA James Watson & Francis Crick 1952 📞 Telephone Graham Bell 1874 🌐 World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee & Robert Cailliau 1989 💡 X-ray Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1895 🖨️ Xerox Machine Chester Carlson 1928 💡 Key Scientific Discoveries 🦠 Bacteria: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1676) 🧫 Cell: Robert Hooke (1665) 🧬 Cell Nucleus: Robert Brown (1831) 🩸 Blood Groups: Karl Landsteiner (1900s) 🧪 Hydrogen: Henry Cavendish (1766) 🧪 Oxygen: Joseph Priestley (1774) 🧪 Chlorine: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774) 🧬 Structure of DNA: Watson & Crick (1952) 💉 Insulin: Frederick Banting (1923) 💉 Penicillin: Alexander Fleming (1928) 💉 Smallpox Vaccine: Edward Jenner (1796) 💉 Polio Vaccine: Jonas Edward Salk 📝 Quick Revision Table Emoji Invention/Discovery Inventor(s) Year 💡 Light Bulb Thomas Edison 1854 📞 Telephone Graham Bell 1874 🌐 World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee & Robert Cailliau 1989 🧬 DNA Structure Watson & Crick 1952 💉 Penicillin Alexander Fleming 1928 🦠 Bacteria Leeuwenhoek 1676 🧫 Cell Robert Hooke 1665 💣 Atom Bomb Oppenheimer 1945 🏆 Tips for SSC CHSL Focus on who invented/discovered what and when. Use emojis to help remember inventions and inventors quickly. Revise with the table for last-minute prep! Good luck with your SSC CHSL exam! 🍀
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10 Judiciary in India
⚖️ Judiciary in India – Easy SSC CHSL Study Guide with Emojis 🏅✨ Here’s a clear, emoji-rich summary of the Indian Judiciary system, focusing on the Supreme Court and High Courts, perfect for quick revision! 🏛️ Supreme Court of India 🗓️ Inaugurated: January 28, 1950 (replaced Federal Court of India) 📜 Constitutional Basis: Part V, Chapter IV (Articles 124–147) 👥 Composition: 34 judges including Chief Justice of India (CJI) 🏛️ Hierarchy: Top of integrated judicial system (Supreme Court > High Courts > Subordinate Courts) 🏢 Location: Delhi (Article 130) 📝 Appointment & Tenure 👤 Appointed by: President (after consulting CJI) 👑 Chief Justice: Senior-most judge appointed by President ⏳ Term: Till age 65 or resignation/impeachment 🎓 Qualifications (Article 124) 🇮🇳 Citizen of India ⚖️ Judge of High Court for 5 years OR 👨⚖️ Advocate of High Court for 10 years OR 🏅 Distinguished jurist (as per President) 🛡️ Powers & Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction 🏛️: Disputes between Centre & State(s), or between States (exclusive) Writ Jurisdiction 📝: Directly approachable for Fundamental Rights enforcement (writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, etc.) Appellate Jurisdiction 🏆: Final court of appeal (constitutional, civil, criminal, special leave) Advisory Jurisdiction 💡: President can seek Supreme Court’s opinion (Article 143) Court of Record 📚: Judgments are permanent records; can punish for contempt Judicial Review 🔍: Can declare laws/executive actions unconstitutional (protects Constitution’s basic structure) 🏅 Landmark Cases 🏛️ Golaknath Case (1967) 🏦 Bank Nationalization Case (1970) 👑 Privy Purse Abolition Case (1971) 🏗️ Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) – Established ‘Basic Structure’ doctrine 🏭 Minerva Mills Case (1980) 🛡️ Rights & Functions 🛡️ Guarantor of Fundamental Rights 🏛️ Guardian of the Constitution 📝 Can restore rights via writs (Article 32) ❌ Can declare any law unconstitutional (Article 13) 🏛️ High Courts 🏛️ Position: Below Supreme Court, above Subordinate Courts 🇮🇳 Number: 25 High Courts (some serve multiple states/UTs) 🏢 Delhi: Only UT with its own High Court 🏛️ Common High Courts: Allowed by 7th Amendment Act, 1956 📝 Appointment & Tenure 👤 Appointed by: President (CJI & Governor consulted) ⏳ Term: Till age 62 or resignation/transfer 🔄 Transfer: President can transfer judges between High Courts 🛡️ Powers Writ Jurisdiction 📝: Can issue writs for Fundamental Rights & other purposes (Article 226) Appellate & Original Jurisdiction 🏆: Hears appeals from lower courts, some original cases ⚖️ Separation of Powers 🏛️ Parliament: Makes & amends laws 🏢 Executive: Implements laws ⚖️ Judiciary: Settles disputes, checks constitutional validity 📝 Quick Recap Table Emoji Feature Supreme Court High Court 🏛️ Top Court Yes No 👥 Judges 34 incl. CJI Varies ⏳ Retirement Age 65 62 📝 Writs Article 32 Article 226 🔍 Judicial Review Yes Yes 🏢 Location Delhi State capitals/UTs Use these emojis and points for quick, easy revision of the Indian Judiciary for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀 12
11 Medieval India
🏰 Medieval India – Easy SSC CHSL Study Guide with Emojis Here’s a concise, emoji-packed summary of all the important points from the “Medieval India” PDF, perfect for quick and easy revision: 🕰️ Time Period 8th Century to 18th Century 👑 Early Medieval Kingdoms Rashtrakutas (King: Amoghavarsha) 🌄 Pratiharas (King: Bhoja, title: Adivaraha) 🛡️ Palas 🏞️ Rajputs in North 🏹 Cholas in South (King: Rajaraja, built Brihadisvara Temple) 🛕 ⚔️ Major Struggles & Battles Tripartite Struggle for Kannauj: Rashtrakutas vs Pratiharas vs Palas ⚔️ Prithviraj Chauhan III: Famous Rajput king 🏹 Mohammed Ghazni: 17 raids on India, destroyed Somnath Temple 🕌 Mohammed Ghori: Defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in 2nd Battle of Tarain 🏰 🏰 Delhi Sultanate Dynasties Slave Dynasty: Qutb-ud-din Aibak (first king), Raziya Sultana (female ruler), Balban (introduced Sijdah) 👑 Khilji Dynasty: Jalal Ud Din Firuz Khilji (founder), Allauddin Khilji (ambitious, sent Malik Kafur to South India) 🏹 Tuglaq Dynasty: Ghazi Malik (founder), Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (moved capital to Daulatabad), Firoz Shah Tuglaq (built Yamuna Canal) 🌊 Sayyid Dynasty: Khizr Khan (founder), Allauddin Alam Shah (last ruler) 👑 Lodi Dynasty: Bahlul Lodi (founder), Sikandar Lodi (founded Agra), Ibrahim Lodi (last ruler defeated by Babur) 🏰 🏯 Mughal Empire Founded by Babur in 1526 (descendant of Chenghez Khan & Timur) 🐅 Humayun: Lost and regained kingdom, died falling from fort library 🏰 Sher Shah Suri (Sur Empire founder): Built Sarais for travelers, defeated Humayun ⚔️ Akbar: Crowned 1556, introduced Zabti & Batai land revenue systems, abolished Jizyah tax, built Fatehpur Sikri 🏛️ Jahangir & Nur Jahan: Influential queen 👸 Shah Jahan: Built Red Fort & Agra Fort 🏯 Aurangzeb: Longest ruler (50 years), expanded empire, faced revolts ⚔️ Last Mughal Emperor: Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857) 👑 🛡️ Marathas Founded by Shivaji (title: Haindava Dharmoddhaarak) 🦁 Treaty of Purandar with Rajput Jai Singh I 🤝 📅 Important Dates to Remember 712 AD: Sindh invaded by Arabs (Mohd. Bin Qasim) 🕌 1191 AD: 1st Battle of Tarain (Prithviraj won) ⚔️ 1192 AD: 2nd Battle of Tarain (Prithviraj defeated) ⚔️ 1526 AD: Mughal Empire founded (Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi) 🐅 1556 AD: 2nd Battle of Panipat (Bairam Khan defeated Hemu) ⚔️ 1605 AD: Death of Akbar 🏛️ 1707 AD: Death of Aurangzeb ⚔️ 1757 AD: Battle of Plassey (British defeated Siraj ud Daula) 🇬🇧 Use these emojis and points for quick, easy revision of Medieval India for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀12
12 Political Parties
🗳️ Political Parties – SSC CHSL Study Material with Emojis 🇮🇳✨ Here’s an easy-to-understand, emoji-rich summary of all the key points on Political Parties from your PDF, perfect for SSC CHSL revision: 🏛️ What is a Political Party? A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in government 🏛️. They agree on policies and programmes for society to promote the collective good 🤝. Parties try to persuade people why their policies are the best and seek popular support through elections 🗳️. 👥 Components of a Political Party 👑 Leaders 🧑💼 Active members 🙋 Followers 🛠️ Functions of a Political Party 📝 Nominate candidates during elections 📢 Campaign to gain support for their candidates 📜 Present objectives and programmes via manifestos 🏛️ Form government if they win majority and implement policies 🗣️ Form opposition if in minority, keep a check on government 🧑🏫 Educate people and shape public opinion 📬 Convey people’s demands to the government 🔗 Act as a link between people and government institutions 🌍 Types of Political Systems 🟥 One Party System: Only one party rules (e.g., China) 🟦 Two Party System: Two major parties dominate (e.g., USA, UK) 🟩 Multi-Party System: Many parties compete (e.g., India, France) 🇮🇳 India’s Multi-Party System India has the largest number of political parties in the world 🌏. Multi-party system gives people multiple choices and allows regional parties to participate 🗳️. Drawbacks: Can lead to hung parliaments, coalition governments, and instability ⚖️. 🏅 Types of Political Parties in India National Political Party 🏛️ State/Regional Political Party 🗺️ 🏛️ National Political Parties (Currently 8) 🟠 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 🟣 Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 🔴 Communist Party of India (CPI) 🔵 Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M) 🟢 Indian National Congress (INC) 🟡 Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) 🟤 Trinamool Congress (TMC) ⚪ National Peoples’ Party (NPP) – First from North-East 🏆 Eligibility for National Political Party Secures at least 6% of valid votes in any 4+ states in general election 🗳️, and wins at least 4 Lok Sabha seats 🪑 OR Wins at least 2% of Lok Sabha seats (11 seats) from at least 3 different states 🏛️ 🗺️ Eligibility for State Political Party Secures at least 6% of valid votes in the state in general election 🗳️, and wins at least 2 Assembly seats 🪑 OR Wins at least 3% of total Assembly seats or at least 3 seats (whichever is more) 🏛️ Use these emojis and points for quick, easy revision of Political Parties for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀
13 Public Finance in India
💰 Public Finance in India – SSC CHSL Study Guide with Emojis 🇮🇳✨ Here’s an easy-to-understand, emoji-rich summary of all the key points from the “Public Finance in India” PDF, perfect for SSC CHSL revision: 🏦 What is Public Finance? Study of government’s income and spending 💸. Covers how government collects (revenue) and spends (expenditure) money. Mentioned in ancient India’s Arthashastra 📜 (Kautilya). 📊 Budget Basics Budget: Annual financial statement showing government’s estimated income & expenditure for the coming year 📅. Layers: India’s federal system means both Central and State governments have their own budgets 🏛️🏛️. Constitutional Articles: Union Budget: Article 112 🏛️ State Budget: Article 202 🏛️ 💼 Types of Budget Revenue Budget 💵: Revenue Receipts (taxes, non-taxes) Revenue Expenditure (salaries, subsidies, interest, etc.) Capital Budget 🏗️: Capital Receipts (loans, sale of assets) Capital Expenditure (building roads, buying machinery, loans to states, etc.) 💸 Revenue Receipts Do NOT create liability 🚫📉 Types: Tax Revenue: Direct Taxes (Income Tax, Corporation Tax, Wealth Tax, Gift Tax) 💰 Indirect Taxes (Customs Duty, GST) 🛒 Non-Tax Revenue: Interest receipts, dividends, profits, fees, foreign grants 💵 🏦 Revenue Expenditure For normal government functioning 🏢 Not for creating assets 🚫🏗️ Examples: Salaries, pensions, subsidies, interest payments, grants 🎓 🏗️ Capital Receipts Create liability or reduce assets 🏦 Examples: Loans (to be repaid), sale of government assets (disinvestment), small savings, bonds 🏦💳 🏢 Capital Expenditure For creating assets or reducing liabilities 🏗️ Examples: Buying land, building infrastructure, investments, loans to states/PSUs 🏢 📈 Types of Budgets Balanced Budget ⚖️: Revenue = Expenditure Surplus Budget ➕: Revenue > Expenditure Deficit Budget ➖: Revenue < Expenditure 🧮 Budgetary Deficits Emoji Deficit Type Formula/Meaning 💸 Revenue Deficit Revenue Expenditure – Revenue Receipts 📉 Budget Deficit Total Expenditure – Total Revenue 📊 Fiscal Deficit Total Expenditure – (Total Receipts – Borrowing) 🧾 Primary Deficit Fiscal Deficit – Interest Payments 🏦 Fiscal Policy Government’s strategy for spending, taxation, and borrowing 💼. Goals: Full employment 👷 Price stability 💹 Economic growth 📈 Fair distribution ⚖️ External stability 🌏 Capital formation 🏗️ Regional balance 🗺️ Main Tools: Taxation 💰 Public Expenditure 🏢 Public Debt (Borrowing) 💳 🏛️ Finance Commission Quasi-judicial body under Article 280 ⚖️ Set up every 5 years to decide how taxes are shared between Centre & States 🤝 Reduces fiscal imbalances and promotes inclusiveness 👫 Current (15th) Chairman: N.K. Singh (since 2017) Use these emojis and points for quick, easy revision of Public Finance in India for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀
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14 Vedic Civilization
🕉️ Vedic Civilization – Easy SSC CHSL Study Guide with Emojis Here’s a clear, emoji-rich summary of all the key points from the Vedic Civilization PDF, perfect for quick and easy revision! 12 📚 Sources of Vedic Civilization Vedic Literature: Main source of information, passed down orally 📖👂 Three classes: Vedas Brahmanas Aranyakas & Upanishads 📜 Vedas – The Foundation Veda means “knowledge” 🧠 Four Vedas: 🕉️ Rig Veda: Oldest, collection of hymns 🎶 Samveda: Collection of songs (mostly from Rig Veda) 🔥 Yajurveda: Sacrificial formulae ✨ Atharvanaveda: Spells & charms Vedas are: ‘apaurusheya’ (not man-made) ‘nitya’ (eternal) Composed by inspired Rishis 👳♂️ 📖 Brahmanas, Aranyakas & Upanishads Brahmanas: Explain Vedic hymns, rituals, philosophies 📜 Aranyakas & Upanishads: Philosophical meditations, attached to Vedas, focus on soul, god, world 🌌 🗓️ Dating the Rig Veda Dates range from 6000 BCE (Tilak) to 1000 BCE (Max Muller) Evidence from Boghaz-Koi inscription (Asia Minor, 1400 BCE) mentions Vedic gods 🗺️ Rig Vedic Geography Aryans called themselves ‘Arya’ 🧑🌾 Knew rivers from Ganga (east) to Kabul (west) 🌊 Mentioned rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati, Sutlej, Ravi, Jhelum, Indus, Kabul Mountains: Himalayas, Mujavant 🏔️ Region: Western UP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Pakistan, south Afghanistan Battle of Ten Kings: Sudas (Bharata king) vs. 10 kings, on Ravi river ⚔️ Bharatvarsha: Name for the country, after Bharatas 👥 Vedic Society Four Varnas: 👳♂️ Brahmanas (priests, teachers) 🗡️ Kshatriyas (rulers, warriors) 🧑🌾 Vaishyas (farmers, merchants) 🛠️ Shudras (artisans, laborers) Social mobility: Freedom to choose occupation 🔄 Family: Smallest unit, patriarchal 👨👩👧👦 Marriage: Monogamy, freedom of choice, widow remarriage allowed 💍 Property: Inherited by sons, daughters only if sole child 🏠 🎓 Education Teachers highly respected 🙏 Learning at teacher’s home 🏡 Oral tradition: Memorization, repetition, focus on pronunciation 🗣️ 🍚 Food & Drinks Staples: Milk, curd, butter, ghee, wheat, barley 🥛🍞 Meat: Birds, wild animals, fish, sacrificial animals 🍖 Cow: Sacred, not to be killed 🐄 Alcoholic drinks: Sura & Soma, but discouraged 🍶 💰 Economic Life Main activities: Agriculture, cattle rearing, trade, commerce 🚜🐄 Other occupations: Pottery, weaving, carpentry, metalwork 🏺🧵🔨 Metals: Copper (ayas), later iron (syam ayas) 🪙 Barter economy: Goods exchanged, money (nishkas) mentioned 💱 Sea trade: Pearls, shells, ocean wealth 🌊 🏛️ Political Structure Hierarchy: Family (Kula) 👨👩👧👦 Village (Grama) 🏘️ Clan (Vis) People (Jana) Country (Rashtra) 🌏 Heads: Gramini (village), Vispati (clan), Raja (king) 👑 Assemblies: Samiti: Policy decisions, common people 🗣️ Sabha: Elders, nobles 👴 Officials: Purohita (priest), Senani (army chief), Gramini (village head), Duta (envoy), spies 🕵️ 🕉️ Vedic Religion & Philosophy Gods: Terrestrial (Agni, Prithvi, Soma) 🌍 Aerial (Indra, Vayu, Rudra) 💨 Celestial (Varuna, Surya, Mitra, Vishnu) ✨ Popular gods: Indra (war, rain), Varuna (cosmic order), Agni (fire), Soma (plant/nectar) 🔥🌩️ Sacrifices: Food, milk, grain, flesh offered to gods 🍚 Philosophy: Unity of universe, creation from one god, water as origin 🌊 Gayatri Mantra: Still recited today 🕉️ Use these emojis and points for quick, easy revision of the Vedic Civilization for SSC CHSL! Good luck! 🍀
15 General Awareness
Documentation and guides to deploy, manage, and monitor your apps.